DIY COVID Tests Work Fine, Less Discomfort

FRIDAY, June 12, 2020 (HealthDay News) — Most Americans have winced watching one of those nurse-administered COVID-19 nasal swab tests, where the swab reaches painfully farther up the nose than anyone would want.

Well, the days of “nasopharyngeal” swab tests, administered only by health care workers, may be drawing to a close: New studies find a much more comfortable swab test, performed by patients themselves, works just as well.

One new study of 30 volunteers was conducted by researchers at Stanford University in California. It found near-100% concordance between COVID-19 test results from patient-administered swab tests to the lower nasal passage and the more onerous nurse-delivered test much farther up the nose.

Another study, conducted by UnitedHealth Group in Minnetonka, Minn., found that self-administered swab samples taken from the lower nasal passage delivered over 90% accuracy compared to standard tests that reached into the nasopharynx (where the nasal passages connect with the mouth).

Allowing patients to collect their own samples would cut down on infection risks for health care workers as well, noted Dr. Ethan Berke and colleagues, who conducted the Minnesota trial. They pointed out that nasopharyngeal swabs are so uncomfortable that patients often cough, sneeze or gag during the procedures — upping the odds that infected droplets will be expelled.

So, the “adoption of techniques for sampling by patients can reduce PPE [personal protective equipment] use and provide a more comfortable patient experience,” the study authors explained. They published their findings online June 3 in the New England Journal of Medicine.

Similar findings arose from the Stanford trial, which was published online June 12 in JAMA Network Open. Researchers led by Jonathan Altamirano had 30 volunteers — many of whom were experiencing fever or cough — use a self-administered swab test to collect samples from their lower nasal passage. The participants also agreed to undergo a “gold standard” swab test in the upper reaches of the nasal passage, conducted by a health care professional.

Results from nearly all the tests were in complete agreement, the Stanford researchers reported, with the exception of one potential false-positive result from one patient’s self-test.

In the Minnesota study, Berke’s group also compared the accuracy of patient-administered swab tests for COVID-19 against those from “gold standard” swab tests of the nasopharyngeal area, conducted by health care personnel.

The 530 study participants were all Washington state residents who showed up at one of five clinics with “symptoms indicative of upper respiratory infection,” Berke’s team said.

Each patient underwent a standard nasopharyngeal swab test for COVID-19, conducted by a health care worker. But they were also asked to use swabs to collect samples on their own from three areas: the tongue, the lower nasal area, and a bit higher up the nasal passage (but not as high as the nasopharynx).

Compared to the standard nasopharyngeal test, the two nasal passage tests passed the acceptable 90% accuracy threshold, Berke’s group said. Testing of the lower nasal area had 94% accuracy and the mid-nasal test achieved 96.2% accuracy, the team reported.

Samples taken from patients’ tongues were somewhat less accurate, at 89.8% — still very close to the 90% threshold.

The fact that the mid-nasal test was the most accurate of the self-delivered tests indicates that “the viral load may be higher” in this area, the researchers said.

Based on the findings, the study authors concluded that “patient collection of samples for SARS-CoV-2 testing from sites other than the nasopharynx is a useful approach during the COVID-19 pandemic.”

Dr. Matthew Heinz is a hospitalist and internist at Tucson Medical Center, in Arizona, who’s dealt with COVID-19 testing. Reading over the report from Berke’s team, he noted that shortfalls in staff and supplies for COVID-19 testing “continues to frustrate our response to this viral pandemic.”

While more study is needed to confirm the new findings, they “may point to a role for more self-administered testing going forward,” Heinz said.

“Making viral testing faster, easier and less invasive will help us to encourage compliance and increase the number of daily tests conducted, a crucial part of disease surveillance during the pandemic,” he noted.