Just How Much do You Know About the Yorkie?

by Janice Jones     |Last updated 07-20-2021

People who happen to
be owned by a Yorkshire Terrier are not likely to want any other type of
dog.  They are alert, trainable, curious,
and lovable.  They may be the
quintessential purse dog, but what they lack in
size they make up for in personality.

There is no other dog breed out there who shouts BIG
ATTITUDE like the Yorkie as they are
fondly called.  With their silky straight
coat, tiny size, bright personality, and
desire to be a close companion, these dogs make great pets for a wide range of people
from singles, families with older children and seniors.

They are equally happy lying on your lap as taking a long
walk and will make an excellent watchdog
because they never miss a beat.

The Yorkies is a
small dog, generally 4 to 7 pounds with glossy fine
hair that can grow to floor length.  In
the U.S. Dewclaws are often removed in the first few days of life, and the tail docked at the same time.  In Europe,
it is illegal to do these procedures.

As a toy breed, he is first and foremost a companion dog,
but his terrier qualities are still present which also means he possesses a
healthy prey instinct.

History

There is still a debate about which
breeds contributed to what we know as the modern Yorkie.  Among the more likely candidates include the
Toy Manchester Terrier, Maltese, Skye terrier, Dandie Dinmont Terrier and two
extinct breeds, the Paisley Terrier and the Clydesdale Terrier. 

It’s likely that these two extinct breeds along with the Skye terrier gave the Yorkie his long coat along with the Maltese. The Manchester contributed to the colors we see on the Yorkies today.  

Even though the roots of the breed stretch back far into British history, the real story of their emergency dates to the Industrial Revolution.

People began to flock to the cities to find work, and during this time there was an influx of Scots moving to Yorkshire, England where they could work in the mills.  They brought their dogs with them.  It would seem that Scottish weavers had a fondness for long coated small terriers including the Skye, Clydesdale and Paisley terriers all who ranged from about 8 to 20 pounds.   

These dogs were good for keeping vermin out of the shops and homes.  They bred their dogs to be smaller, fierce and feisty.  During this time, there was much diversity in the breed including size and coat type.  Some of the terrier’s coats were rough where others were more smooth and silky.

Yorkies proved to be great ratters in the English woolen mills.  But as the time when on, they became more of a companion dog.  Breeders began to select for a smaller size.

Then, in 1865, a dog emerged name Huddersfield Ben who was to become the father of the Yorkshire terrier.  He only lived 6 years having met his fate at the wheels of a carriage, but he made his mark on the breed. 

Two other dogs contributed to the development, and by the 1870s, the dogs were called Yorkshire Terriers in honor of where they originated.  In the late 1800s, dog shows became popular, and many people began showing these dogs and keeping them as pets.  Breeders worked to standardize their appearance and it when the newly formed Kennel Club was established in 1873; the Yorkshire terrier was one of the first breeds to be recognized.

By 1872, Yorkshire Terriers had made their way to the U.S., where they quickly became favorites of the upper class. By the 1950s, the breed was well established in the United States.  The Nixon family shared the White House with their beloved Yorkie, Pasha.   

Dog Breed Ratings Got You a Little Confused?
Here’s a little help in understanding them

• Playfulness:   Most Playful = 5    Least Playful = 1
• Affection:  Most Affectionate = 5   Least Affectionate = 1
• Friendliness Towards Strangers: Most Friendly = 5  Least = 1
• Good With Children:  Great= 5    Not Good with Children = 1
• Good With Dogs:  Great = 5   Not Good Around Dogs = 1
• Good With First Time Owners:  Fine=5  Not Appropriate = 1
• Exercise Required:  Extensive Daily Exercise = 1  Minimal = 1
• Ease of Training:  Very Easy = 5     Difficult = 1
• Watch Dog:  Excellent Watch Dog = 5  Minimal = 1
• Grooming:  Time Consuming = 5   Minimal = 1
• Shedding:  Heavy Shedder = 5     Minimal = 1
• Cold Tolerance:  Well Tolerated = 5   Poor Tolerance = 1
• Heat Tolerance:  Well Tolerated = 5  Poor Tolerance = 1

Personality/Temperament

Courageous, affectionate, intelligent and fearless are words
often used to describe the Yorkie’s personality.  They enjoy adventures as well as snuggles,
but they still retain the terrier part of their temperament, which means they
can be feisty and yappy.

Each Yorkies has a distinct personality, but they generally
gravitate towards one of two different personalities. 
Some are downright cuddly and won’t be happy unless snuggled on your
lap.  They are somewhat more laid back in
nature but still love to play.  Others
are more curious and need more exercise and outdoor time.

Yorkshire Terrier dogs do well with older children and kids
that have been taught how to handle tiny
dogs.  At seven pounds or less, they can
be delicate if not handled properly.

Yorkshire Terrier Slideshow Facts

Yorkies are generally tolerant of other dogs but prefer the company of other
Yorkies. 

They are on the active side, so an enjoyable romp in the yard or a daily walk
will help keep them from getting bored. 
They are also very people oriented, so
leaving a Yorkie alone for hours on end is not recommended.

As an intelligent breed, Yorkies are generally easy to
train.  Positive praise, attention, and
food rewards work well. 

The major
problem with this breed tends to result when people give into their cute nature
and neglect their duties to teach manners. 
After all, it is effortless to
spoil a Yorkie.

Grooming

Yorkshire Terriers have a single glossy fine textured coat that does not shed
much.  Yorkshire Terriers require daily
or every other day brushing to keep mats from forming in their long silky
coats.

Many people prefer to keep their dog’s coat trimmed short
for easier maintenance.  Show dogs wear
their hair long with a top knot tied up to keep hair out of their eyes.

A good brushing with a pin brush and then a steel comb out
is usually all that is required on a daily basis.  Other grooming tasks are typical of any
breed:  nail clipping, teeth brushing,
bathing, clipping the hair from the foot pads
and expressing the anal glands.

Health

Most Yorkies live long, healthy lives, but some conditions are common to the breed, such
as luxating patellas, dental issues, collapsing trachea, hypothyroidism, and
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. Some are more serious than others.

Most reputable breeders will have their breeding stock
tested for some of these problems. 
Dental issues will need to be dealt with as they arise as there are no
genetic tests that can be performed. 
Orthopedic problems such as
Luxating Patellas and Legg-Calve Perthes Disease can be controlled to some
degree through careful breeding.

Many of these diseases are common in most small breed
dogs.  In case you’ve read other small
breed dog descriptions, you might begin to notice a pattern.  So you don’t think we’re just being
redundant, many small dogs suffer from the same afflictions.

Major Health Problems of Yorkshire Terriers

Portosystemic or Liver Shunt

Legg-Perthes Disease

Luxating Patella

Collapsing Trachea

Other Common Problems

A few other conditions that can afflict Yorkies as well as other small breed dogs include:

Retained primary teeth: Yorkie’s often don’t lose their baby teeth on their own and these teeth must be pulled around six or seven months.  Many vets will check this when they spay or neuter and extract any baby teeth if necessary.

Hypothyroidism: If your Yorkie’s thyroid isn’t functioning properly, you may notice a dull coat, hair loss, and lethargy, extreme intolerance for cold weather, weight gain, and chronic skin disorders. This is treated with a thyroid supplement.

Heart disease:  Some Yorkies have valves in the heart that fail to close properly, causing the blood to flow back into the chambers. Veterinarians can auscultate even small murmurs.   Although uncommon, new owners should have their dog checked out by a veterinarian soon after purchase. 

Bladder stones: Middle-aged Yorkies tend to get bladder “stones”. Symptoms include difficulty going to the bathroom, restricted urine flow, excessive thirst and blood in the urine.  Treatment includes surgery to remove the stones.

Low blood sugar or hypoglycemia is also a problem, usually in the smallest Yorkies and puppies.  If the puppy goes without food for long periods of time, they may suffer from hypoglycemia.  Fortunately, this is a completely preventable issue by leaving kibble out throughout the day (Free Feeding).

Pros

• Small size, inexpensive
  to feed
• Good for
  people in apartments
• Sweet,
  devoted personality
• Little
  shedding
• Do not
  require a lot of exercise

Cons

• Somewhat
  Yappy
• Moderate
  amount of grooming
• Not good for
  families with toddlers or very small children
• People
  forget to train them due to their small size

---

Did You Know

• An extra
  pound put on by your Yorkies is like adding 20 pounds to a human.
• Famous
  people who have owned Yorkies include Brett Favre, Bruce Willis, Britney
  Spears, Justin Timberlake, Hillary Duff and Paris Hilton.   
• In 2012, the
  Yorkie was the sixth most popular breed in the U.S.
• Yorkie Show Dogs always wear red bows.

---

Resources and References

Parent
Club: 

Yorkshire Terrier Club of America

National Yorkshire Terrier Rescue Organization

Yorkshire
Terrier National Rescue, Inc

If you think you might like to make a Yorkshire Terrier your next best friend, I recommend that you do some further reading.  The books below can be purchased directly from Amazon. 

Similar Breeds

---