Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. Their complete failure effectively ended any threat Spain posed to the English. LS23 6AD W ith the first female vice president taking office in the US, and female leaders around the world excelling despite a global crisis, it's hard to imagine why women have been wildly underrepresented in leadership for so long. The northern nobles felt Elizabeths advisors were responsible for many of these policy changes. Seeing Spain as a threat, Elizabeth tried to form an alliance with France. One last thing to consider was the fact that Elizabeth was unmarried and childless. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. If this union between Scotland and France became something, Spain could help England by attacking France from below. 214 High Street, Elizabeth was eager to nullify the threat of the Auld Alliance (Scotland and France), which had been further reinforced by the marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots and French King Francis II. In 1570, Pope Pius V excommunicated Elizabeth, encouraging Catholics everywhere to rise up and depose the heretic queen. 1559 - cateau cambresis, menacing position of french in scotland. The execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, finally removed the on-going threat at home from Catholics who wanted to replace Elizabeth with her. Reigned: queen of England and Ireland for 44 years, from 17 November 1558 until her death in 1603. The plots to overthrow Elizabeth failed for a number of reasons such as: In 1568, the Queens Spymaster, Francis Walsingham used his spy network to prove that Mary had supported the Babington Plot. England and Spain had tried to remain on good terms but a growing rivalry between them led to increased tensions. For two weeks of the second half of November, Catholic mass was heard at Durham Cathedral too (with all evidence of Protestantism destroyed). You may use the following in your answer: France and Elizabeth's legitimacy (16 marks) 'Religion was the main cause of the . 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. Phillip was warned against this mission but believed he was on a mission from God. The conspirators including Babington were all. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. From there we will look at the career . - Overall, I think the threat of invasion was one of Elizabeth's problems when she became queen as both Spain and France were powerful countries who had reasons to invade England and this was increased as Spain and France could unite against Protestant England. Another suitor for Elizabeth was Prince Eric of Sweden, later King Eric of Sweden. Essentially, this meant England and Spain were now at war. He saw Drake as a pirate and therefore deemed Elizabeths act as deliberately provocative. There was also a fear that France and Scotland, alongside Spain, could launch an invasion of England as part of a greater Catholic crusade against the rogue English Protestant nation. This was seen as a huge blow for English pride as England had territory in France for hundreds of years. The Catholic threat Many Catholics in England were not happy with Elizabeth's Settlement. Here is an example answer to the following 16-mark question on the problem posed to Elizabeth I upon her accession arising from the question of legitimacy. You may use the following in your answer: Mary, Queen of Scots and foreign threat (12 marks) . - Threats of invasion or Elizabeth's authority were made worse by her financial situation. [Blog], Medicine Community Feedback and Suggestions, 2023 entry A100 / A101 Medicine fastest and slowest offer senders, Borders & Enforcement, Immigration Enforcement - Immigration Officer June 22, Official University of the Arts London 2023 Applicants Thread. These problems all led to supply issues for the Spanish Armada and had a major impact on the morale of the Spanish troops. Pope, Head of Catholic church would excommunicate her. Explain why Elizabeth faced many problems upon ascending to the throne in 1558 . Instead, Drakes plan was to attack the port of Cadiz, which wasnt as well defended. Norfolk was killed in 1572. [Clear link back to the question at the end of the paragraph here.]. As long as Mary was alive, the plots could always be deemed credible and many Catholics secretly wanted a return to Catholocism. The strength of this relationship was shown by the fact that French troops were stationed on the English and Scottish border. Catholic priests are first smuggled into England. While a baby is born at various points throughout the show, Francis is not its father. Philip II and the Pope supported the plot that would involve the invasion of England by the Duke of Guise. Foreign Affairs. Roberto Ridolfi was a spy of the Pope. The negotiations dragged on for four years with Elizabeth never giving a firm answer and Charles refusing to give up his Catholic faith. Her early life was full of uncertainties, and her chances of succeeding to the throne seemed very slight once her half-brother Edward was born in 1537. Upon his arrival, he accepted the position of Governor-General which proved to be a big mistake as it suggested that Elizabeth had taken control of the Netherlands. In 1587, Sir Francis Drake attacked the Spanish port of Cadiz in what would become known as the Singeing of the King of Spains beard. Philip IIs decision to reorganise the Dutch government and church angered both the Dutch Catholics and the Protestants. When Mary I died in 1558, England and Spain were allies in a war against France. Describe two features of the threats posed to Elizabeth in 1558 3. In January 1558, the french conquered Calais, England's last remaining territory on the European mainland. She pledged to finance an army of 7,400 English troops and placed Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, in charge of them. The accession of Elizabeth Tudor to the throne of England in November 1558 meant that Mary was, by virtue of her Tudor blood, next in line to the English throne. Approximately 30 ships were destroyed and tonnes of supplies were also seized including food and weapons. VAT reg no 816865400. The treaty essentially allowed Elizabeth to focus on developing events in the Netherlands and not worry about protecting her northern border. 14-16 / Francis Drake is knighted on the Golden Hind. The plot failed as it was discovered by Francis Walsingham, Elizabeths principal secretary and spymaster, who placed Throckmorton under surveillance for several months. This was because the society was very patriarchal, male dominated, meaning that she . It was the only major threat to Henry's security as monarch. In this sense, the colonisation of Virginia should be understood in relation to the wider conflict with Spain. She changed the church back to Anglican and it has been the official . The attack was a success. Continue with Recommended Cookies. 2. He chose to sail around Scotland and Ireland which presented a dangerous route which the Spanish sailors were unfamiliar with. The lack of money was problematic because it meant England was potentially vulnerable to attack (and Elizabeth had no means by which to defend the country militarily). Mary was forced to flee following her unsuccessful attempt to win back her Scottish throne. Another being the English sympathy to the protestant rebels on the Netherlands. The local inhabitants showed little mercy to the survivors of these wrecks. This issue of divorce creates problems for Catholics. The Northern Earls were unhappy and rebelled for several reasons: The Revolt of the Northern Earls was arguably the most serious rebellion during Elizabeths reign and presented a threat for a number of reasons: During the 1570s and 1580s, there were several plots by Catholics to assassinate Queen Elizabeth and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots. - Leith blockade. He also had a big empire in North and South America and by 1581, he had also become King of Portugal which gave him control of the important Atlantic port of Lisbon. Apple Ordered to Pay Optis Wireless $300 Million in Second LTE Patent Trial. Drake knew he wasnt able to attack this port with any realistic hope of success. August 8th: Battle of Gravelines fireships caused the Spanish fleet to scatter. This meant atholics did not think . Sue Gray quits the civil service to become Starmer's aide: is it a big deal? Marys presence in England posed an on-going threat as she had a strong claim to the throne herself. Mary, Queen of Scots had been linked to Catholic plots before, but Elizabeth had always been reluctant to take any action against her. This meant two of the most powerful European nations were now united against Protestantism, placing Elizabeth in a precarious position. threats did Elizabeth face in 1558? By this time radical Puritan sectaries were perceived to be . Edward was succeeded by Mary, who in turn ruled for five years until her death in 1558. However, she was fearful of the presence of Spain in the Netherlands, who were busy putting down the Dutch Revolt from 1566 under the command of the Duke of Alba. After his successful raid on Cadiz, Drake sailed along the coast of Portugal and Spain, seizing Spanish ships and destroying supplies that were being sent to Lisbon for the Armada. Elizabeth was born on 7th September 1533 to Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. [This last point is important and often students dont embrace the anomalies for fear that it will undermine their argument. After his death, his two sons Harold and Hardicanute took over the throne in succession. Also, the activities of English pirates', who looted Spanish ships, caused problems between Spain and England. LS23 6AD The raid on Cadiz proved to be a major setback for King Phillips plans to invade England and delayed the Armada by more than a year. English ships were went on many voyages of discovery and established valuable trade routes with India and the far east. He was a protestant and head of his country; however England viewed Sweden as a mediocre power and not a nation to be linked with in marriage. The victory over the Spanish boosted Elizabeths popularity and strengthened the Protestant cause as it was a sign that God favoured Protestantism. Boston House, Indeed, the Ridolfi Plot of 1571 was even led by one of the Popes spies, Roberto Ridolfi. Why was the Catholic threat greater by the 1580s? Queen Elizabeth has confiscated large portions of land from the Earl of Northumberland and given it his main rivals in the north and south who were both Protestant. The Armada set sail in May 1588, but due to bad weather and attempts by an English fleet to intercept it, was delayed for several weeks in the Bay of Biscay. The first being Elizabeth's refusal of marriage to Phillip if Spain. Describe two features of the Rebellion of the Norther earls 1559 7. Elizabeth wasnt able to publically acknowledge his achievements and when the Spanish Armada attempted to invade England in 1588, he was the vice-admiral in command of the English fleet that helped successfully defend the attack. - send 2000 to rebels. Company Reg no: 04489574. Answer:Despite initially being a threat to England, civil war in France from 1562 meant the French monarchs were too preoccupied with home affairs to pose a thr eye27 eye27 11.05.2020 Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland was part of the Rising in the North in 1569. Boston House, Cleopatra, Queen Victoria and many more. Elizabeth I is by many historians considered one of England's greatest ever monarchs, which heralded the 'golden age' in English history. When are the GCSE exams for 2020?Which exam board are you studying? Here then, military alliances, English weaknesses, questions of legitimacy and the influence of religion all meant Elizabeth was very vulnerable upon her accession. 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