Tear Stains on Dogs: Causes, Preventions, Treatments

by Janice Jones     |Last Updated 02-25-2022

Oh, those ugly tear stains, especially noticeable in white
dogs.

Tear stains develop when a dog’s tears accumulate on their fur providing
the perfect breeding ground for bacteria and yeast to grow. As a result, the
hair underneath their eyes appears stained. 

Most veterinarians agree that face staining results from
excessive tearing.

The causes of excessive tearing include but not limited to
genetics, health, diet, fleas, bacterial infection, ear infections, cutting
teeth (in puppies), irritation, high mineral content in the dog’s drinking
water, blocked tear ducts, etc.

Since there is no one cause of tear stains, so there is no one cure.  What works for some may not work for all.  So, what exactly causes grooming nightmares?

Tear stains are usually caused by molecules called porphyrins. Porphyrins are produced when the body breaks down red blood cells.

Porphyrins are excreted mainly through bile and the intestinal tract, but in dogs a substantial amount of porphyrin is excreted through tears, saliva and also urine. 

This is why you might see staining on hair other than just below the eyes. 

This is also why dog sometimes have discolored hair if they have a habit of licking themselves excessively.

When these porphyrin molecules remain on a white coat for any length of
time, stains result.  This happens in dark coated dogs, but you cannot
see the stains.  Stains often darken in the presence of sunlight
creating an unsightly red mess.

When the area around the eyes and
mouth are chronically wet and moist, a red-yeast infection can
develop. 

This is different from the red stains that are produced by the
combination of tears and prophyrins.  Low grade bacterial infections in
the tear ducts are also a culprit.

Causes

The Causes fall into three main categories:  Environmental, Medical, and Genetic.

Environmental

Drinking Water: 

High mineral content in your dog’s drinking
water is thought by some to contribute to staining problems.  

If you happen to see staining around the dog’s
mouth as well as eyes, this could be the problem. 

Ask your veterinarian for more information.
Some may recommend serving distilled or filtered water to reduce tear staining.

Sometimes teaching the dog to drink through a water bottle helps a little.

Poor Quality Diet:

Sometimes the tearing lessens when you switch
to a high quality diet.  Some suggest
that the dyes in dog food contribute to the problem.  If your dog is not eating a premium diet,
switching now might help.

Some people prefer homemade or raw diets, and
others are concerned about nutrient balance created when feeding a strictly
homemade diet. 

Most veterinarians
recommend a well-researched commercial diet of some kind, from a major
manufacturer. 

Some dog owners discover
that feeding their animals a dry kibble with no preservative, fillers or
additives will boost their resistance to inflammatory reactions and thus reduce
tear staining.

Environmental
Irritants that cause allergies:

Another
environmental factor that is commonly blamed for tear staining in dogs is
allergies. Dogs can suffer from seasonal allergies and irritants like pollen
just as humans. 

Your dog may also have
allergies to dust or other similar allergens that irritate the eyes, causing
the dog’s eyes to tear.  Smoking around
your dog may also irritate his eyes causing them to tear excessively.

Medical

Other causes that have been
identified as contributing to tear staining include

• Ingrown eye lashes
• Abnormally large tear producing glands
• Abnormally small tear duct
  openings
  
• Stress
  
• Drugs
  
• Ear infection
  

Young
puppies that are teething produce more tears and are also prone to tear
staining. 

In this case, as the dog matures, the problems go away.

Blocked Tear Ducts
Some
dogs have clogged tear ducts, which need to be irrigated by a vet.

An
evaluation made by an ophthalmologist veterinary concluded that up to
20% of small dogs, such as Maltese, Bichon Frisé, Poodles, Cockers and
Terriers, may have this dysfunction of their lachrymal glands (tear
ducts) requiring them to be surgically corrected.

Blocked tear
ducts typically have no bearing on preventing or causing staining or
ocular discharge, but they should be monitored for the health of your
dog.

Ear Infections
Some dogs are super sensitive to water getting in their ears during bath time.  These dogs require extra care to make sure the ears are dry after the bath. 

Many long haired dogs also have hair that continues to grow inside the ear and if not removed can lead to infection.  Ear Infections may be a cause of staining.

Excess hair can be pulled from the ear using your fingertips, tweezers or a hemostat. 

Caring for your dog’s ears is something you can learn to do yourself.  If this is not something you feel comfortable doing, be sure that your grooming does it regularly.

Genetic

Some dogs produce excessive tears often the result of the
human intervention of breeding. 

This is
particularly common in those breeds that were selectively bred to create short
snouts and protruding eyes causing abnormally narrow tear ducts. 

Breeds such as Shih Tzu, Maltese, Bichon and
Pekinese are especially vulnerable to these problems. Light colored poodles also seem to be predestined to staining.  Some dogs are
genetically predisposed to excessive tearing.

Dog genetics will also
determine the dog’s coat type. A dog with long hair can experience eye irritation from long hair on the face that
comes in contact with the eyes, leading to tearing and ultimately, tear
staining. 

Even within breeds, some dogs
tear more than others due to variations in their genetic makeup

Dog breeds with bulging “bug” eyes,
like the Shih Tzu and Pug, are also prone to excessive tearing, as the eyes are
more exposed and therefore, more prone to irritation.

Excessive tearing will moisten the fur
around the dog’s eyes. The warm, moist fur is prone to bacteria growth and
yeast growth, especially the growth of “red yeast.”

Removing Tear Stains

There are two basic approaches to treatment, internal and
external.  Internal treatment consists of
ingesting a substance or medication that will either cure a bacterial infection
or change the ph of the tears. 

External
treatments include all those measures that one takes to remove the stains
around the eyes. 

Some are more
beneficial than others and some can be considered dangerous.

There are as many homemade treatments as there are products
on the market swearing to cure your dog of those unsightly stains. 

Some work better than others and some don’t
really seem to make much difference, even though people swear by them. 

Here is a list of treatments that have been
mildly to highly successful in removing stains. 

The best way to find out which will work for your dog is to try each for
a specified period of time. 

Some methods
can be combined with others to improve the odds of removing stains.

Homemade Solutions

 Removing Tear Stains:  Tricks

Serve Filtered or Bottled Water

Serve your dog distilled, filtered, or bottled water only out of a
stainless steel or ceramic bowl. 

Do not use plastic as they tend to
wear down creating an environment where bacteria can thrive.

High Quality Diet

Switch to a high quality dog food.  If you can purchase the food at your local grocery store, then you are probably not serving a high quality food. 

Apple Cider Vinegar

Mix a teaspoon of apple cider vinegar with your dog’s
water each day.

This increases the pH of the water, which helps combat
the growth of microorganisms that make the tear stain problem worse.

The
bacteria that exacerbate tear stains aren’t particularly dangerous, but
they do cause the stained fur to emit a foul odor.

Try Lemon Juice for Cleaning

Moisten a clean cloth or cotton ball with room temperature, or slightly
warmer, water.

You can also use a weak saline solution or lemon juice
mixture instead of water.

Wring the cloth out before wiping your dog’s
eyes. Hold your dog’s head still and gently wipe the stained area around
his eyes.

Avoid the eye itself, as saline and lemon solutions can sting
your pet’s eyes. Do this at least two times per day.

Contact Lens Cleaning Solution

Clean around the eyes with contact lens cleaning solution containing
dilute boric acid. 

The boric acid will oxidize the iron in the
porphyrins and lighten the stains.

Clip the Hair Around the Eyes

To clip or not to clip, that is the question.  If you are concerned that there may be some abnormalities with eye lashes, is it better to let them grow long or leave them shaved close to the skin? 

This is a matter of some debate among breeders. 

If you have a breed with long lashes, examine them closely to see the direction the eyelashes are going–pointing inward towards the eye or outwards. 

If you choose to leave the hair, allow it to grow out and pull it back so the hair does not get in the eyes.  If you choose to clip, keep it clipped short all the time. 

Eye lashes that begin to grow out are the most problematic, so it is best to decide which method will work best for you and stick with it.

Make Your Own Boric Acid Powder

Boric Acid Powder:  Rub it into the staining with fingers and leave it
there. Do NOT brush it out; it is left in the coat.

Do this every day,
also use a very fine comb such as a flea comb to comb out any debris in
the corners of the eye.

Also, remove any hair in the corners of the
eyes.

BREEDERS:  Do NOT put it on puppies if the mother licks them clean.

Tear Stain Removal Solution

Make your own tear stain removal solution: 

Mix equal amounts of
milk of magnesia and hydrogen peroxide in a bowl, then stir in small
amounts of cornstarch until the solution becomes a paste.

The solution
should be thick enough so that it does not run or drip.

Apply the
solution to the stained fur around your dog’s eyes with your hands, an
old toothbrush or make-up brush.

Rub and massage it into the fur, so
that it coats the hair all the way to the roots. Let the paste dry for
several hours, then rinse it out with warm water or wipe it with a wet
cloth.

Commercial Products To Try

The product will reduce the tear stains and then as the new hair grows out, you will see a difference in appearance.  

Billberry Extract is a herbal remedy for eyesight and eye problems in humans.

According to WebMD, Eyebright is used to treat a wide range of problems including allergies, sinuses, cancer, coughs, conjunctivitis, ear aches among others.  

Gluthathione is a powerful antioxidant with a wide range of treatment options.  

Pin for Future Reference

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Discuss medications with your veterinarian.  If bacterial and yeast infections are involved you need to take steps to reduce and eliminate their presence.

Veterinarians can prescribe medication to treat bacterial and yeast infections. Your veterinarian or eye specialist veterinarians can determine if excessive tearing is the source of stains, and describe alternatives available. 

Tetracycline is often prescribed with some success, but it should never be given to puppies.

Remember, if you want success in removing tear stains, you must first determine what is causing them.